ASSASSINATION OF JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly known as Jack Kennedy, or by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. Notable events during his presidency included the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Space Race—by initiating Project Apollo (which later culminated in the moon landings), the building of the Berlin Wall, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and increased US involvement in the Vietnam War

John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas. Kennedy was fatally shot by a sniper while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally's wife Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation from November 1963 to September 1964 by the Warren Commission concluded that Kennedy was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, and that Jack Ruby also acted alone when he killed Oswald before he could stand trial.

Although the Commission's conclusions were initially supported by a majority of the American public, polls conducted between 1966 and 2003 found that as many as 80 percent of Americans have suspected that there was a plot or cover-up. A 1998 CBS News poll showed that 76% of Americans believed the President had been killed as the result of a conspiracy. A 2013 AP poll showed, that although the percentage had fallen, more than 59% of those polled still believed that more than one person was involved in the President's murder. A Gallup Poll in mid-November 2013 showed 61% believed in a conspiracy and 30% thought Oswald did it alone.

In contrast to the conclusions of the Warren Commission, the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) concluded in 1978 that Kennedy was probably assassinated as a result of a conspiracy. The HSCA found the original FBI investigation and the Warren Commission Report to be seriously flawed. While agreeing with the Commission that Oswald fired all the shots which caused the wounds to Kennedy and Connally, the HSCA stated that there were at least four shots fired (only three of which could be linked to Oswald) and that there was "...a high probability that two gunmen fired at the President."

The HSCA did not identify any other person or group involved in the assassination besides Oswald, but they did specifically say the CIA, the Soviet Union, organized crime, and several other groups were not involved, although they could not rule out the involvement of individual members of those groups. Kennedy's assassination is still the subject of widespread debate and has spawned numerous conspiracy theories and alternative scenarios.

Prepared by Zulkifli Bin Md Yusof

BENAZIR BHUTTO

Benazir Bhutto was the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan, serving two non-consecutive terms in 1988–90 and then 1993 to 1996. A scion of the politically powerful Bhutto family , she was the eldest daughter of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto , a former prime minister himself who founded the center-left , Social-Democratic Pakistan People Party (PPP).

In 1982, three years after her father's assassination, 29-year-old Benazir Bhutto became the chairperson of the PPP—a political party, making her the first woman in Pakistan to head a major political party. In 1988, she became the first woman to be elected as the head of an Islamic state's government; she also remains Pakistan's only female prime minister. Noted for her charismatic authority and political astuteness, Bhutto drove initiatives for Pakistan's economy and national security, and she implemented social-capitalist policies for industrial development and growth. In 1993, Bhutto was elected for a second term after the 1993 parliamentary election.  In 1996, charges of corruption leveled against her led to the final dismissal of her government by President Farooq Leghari . Bhutto conceded her defeat in the 1997 Parliamentary election and went into exile in Dubai in 1999.

Nine years later, in 2007, she returned to Pakistan, having reached an understanding with President Pervez Musharraf , who granted her amnesty and withdrew all corruption charges against her. Bhutto was assassinated in a bombing on 27 December 2007, after leaving PPP's last rally in Rawalpindi, two weeks before the scheduled 2008 general election in which she was a leading opposition candidate. She was also a lecturer in Oxford University.

The assassination of Benazir Bhutto occurred on 27 December 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan . Bhutto, twice Prime Minister of Pakistan (1988–1990; 1993–1996) and then-leader of the opposition Pakistan People Party, had been campaigning ahead of election scheduled for January 2008. Shots were fired at her after a political rally at Liaquat National Bagh , and a suicide bomb was detonated immediately following the shooting. She was declared dead at 18:16 local time (13:16 UTC), at Rawalpindi National Hospital. Twenty-four other people were killed by the bombing. Bhutto had previously survived a similar attempt on her life that killed at least 139 people, after her return from exile two months earlier.

Though early reports indicated that she had been hit by shrapnel or the gunshots, the Pakistani Interior Ministry initially stated that Bhutto died of a skull fracture sustained when the force of the explosion caused her head to strike the sunroof of the vehicle. Bhutto's aides rejected this version, and argued instead that she suffered two gunshots before the bomb detonation. The Interior Ministry subsequently backtracked from its previous claim.In May 2007, Bhutto asked for additional protection from foreign contracting agencies Black water and the British firm Armor Group The United Nations' investigation of the incident revealed that, "Ms. Bhutto's assassination could have been prevented if adequate security measures had been taken.

Prepared by Syed Mohamad Nurfurqhan b. Syed Mohamed Redzuan

WHAT IS KILLING?

The meaning of murder is the unlawful intentional killing of one person by another. Killing means an act that causing death on others. According to a research that had been care out by some of the researcher there are four state of mind recognized as set up cruelty. Firstly, have the intention to kill.

Then, have the intention to impose dangerous physical harm. Reckless indifference to an unjustified high risk to human. Lastly have intention to commit a serious crime. The first murder that was believed happened in this world was the Prophet Adam a.s ‘s son, Habil. He was killed by his own biological brother name Qabil. Qabil took the decision to kill his own brother when he disappointed because he was not able to marry his twin sister, Iqlima. After, he killed his brother, he tried to keep away the dead body but he had no idea how exactly he supposed to do. Finally, Allah s.w.t gave him an idea how to buried his brother’s dead body. Qabil saw a bird that tried to bury another bird by dig a hole and then bury the bird in inside the hole and lastly cover the body using the sand.

According the Quran, the most greatest sins in this world is kill a human being who has not committed any wrongs. But then, the accidental killing are call as homicides.   The crime committed in a criminal homicide is determined by the state of mind of the defendant and statutes defining the crime.

According to the research that had been carried out World Health Organization in 2010, The report estimated that in 2010, the total number of homicides globally was 468,000. More than a third (36%) occurred in Africa, 31% in the Americas, 27% in Asia, 5% in Europe and 1% in Oceania. Since 1995, the homicide rate has been falling in Europe, North America, and Asia, but has risen to a near "crisis point" in Central America and the Caribbean. Of all homicides worldwide, 82% of the victims were male and 18% were female.[5] On a per-capita scaled level, "the homicide rate in Africa and the Americas (at 17 and 16 per 100,000 population, respectively) is more than double the global average (6.9 per 100,000), whereas in Asia, Europe and Oceania (between 3 and 4 per 100,000) it is roughly half".

The death penalty, is a legal process that a person is put to death by the state of punishment for the crime. In some country, if there the murderer were found guilty, the death penalty was always be the best punish them for what that had done towards the victims. In Arab Saudi, they still using the Hudud law or also known as Islamic law. This law are follow the Quran and hadiths of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. The death penalty always become the controversy in some various countries and state. Some of them found it too cruel and inhuman. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world's population live in countries where executions take place, such as the People's Republic of China, India, the United States of America and Indonesia, the four most-populous countries in the world, which continue to apply the death penalty. In Malaysia, we also practice this method as one of the method to punish the murderer.

There has been much debate about the reason of imposing death penalty on individuals who have been detected with unstable mental. Some have argued that the execution of people with unstable mental constitutes cruel and unusual punishment as it pertains to the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution and while the U.S. Supreme Court has understood cruel and unusual punishment to include those that fail to take into account the defendant's degree of criminal culpability, it has not determined that executing the mentally retarded constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. This is why some of the countries in this world not agreed with this such punishment. 

MAAROF ZAKARIA , BEING KIDNAPPED AND HANGED ON THE TREE.

Who is maarof?  Actually, he was actually own story that is rarely spoken of. Maarof was born in Sri Menanti, Negeri Sembilan. He is among an elite group of educated Malay English contemporaries’ thinker Malay, Zainal Abidin Ahmad, who called Reverend Zaaba. Former lawyer and officer of the district in Perak was also contemporary with the country's nationalist author, Ishak Haji Muhammad or Pak Sako

The difference is, when a nationalist state and political leaders are busy fighting for independence, Maarof choose different routes to establish the first bank of the Malays that Malays National Bank, located in the Klang Street. The intention is quite clear, if the Malays want to advance in politics and develop, they must have a strong economic system, one of which is through the banking system systematically.

Unfortunately, the good faith leaders misinterpreted by certain quarters who do not want to see the Malays continue to increase the level of awareness and to be seen as a rival to the two banks in Malaya at that time, The Chartered Bank of UK-owned and Chinese-owned banks, namely the Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation.

In Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, there is a street named Maarof. There are not many young people know why this street was named by his name Maarof. For those who know the name of the Maarof, this should be the memories of the early challenges faced by the Malay economic support in the past. In July, 1947 a Malay National Bank was founded by a Malay lawyer named Mr Maarof Zakaria. The bank only has 2 million shares are open only to the Malays. Customers are limited to the Malays only.

 At that time there were only two banks that is the British-owned bank called The Chartered Bank and Bank of China's Overseas Chinese Banking Corporation named.  In both these banks Malays are not allowed to borrow money. Malays can only borrow money from loan sharks, illegal loan sharks who charge high enough interest. Mr Maarof responded to this challenge by setting up a bank for the Malays.

After 6 months of operating successfully Maarof Mr. Zakaria was found dead at Lake Garden. Rolex watches in hand and money in his pocket was not taken by the killer. This means that the killer only want to kill the founder of the Malay bank that founded by Mr. Maarof . Mr Maarof Zakaria has set Malays National Bank with a capital of 27 acres of land and wind spirits fighting spirit of the Malays in the economic field.  Who killed Mr Maarof apparently intended to kill the spirit of the Malay struggle in the economic field.  Based on the spirit of the ‘’fighting spirit’’ of the Malay gust of economics. This is the First Bumiputera Economic Congress in 1965 established the Bank Bumiputra proposals have been put forward.

Written by Zulkifli Bin Md Yusof

MURDER OF NURIN JAZLIN

On the evening of August 20th 2007, a young innocent girl decided to go to night market by her own self. She was only eight years old during that time. She wanted to go to the night market in order to get her own self a new hair grip. Nurin went out and made her way towards the night market that located approximately 100m away from the family flat. Back at home, Nurin’s parents became panic after realized that their daughter had not returned home yet. When the night was getting late, her father decided to went out to search his missing daughter but failed. Her father, Jazimin asked the traders at the night market but were told that they not seen her since her last purchase. Finally Jazimin went  to the local police station to lodge a report about his missing daughter. It was already 3 a.m. in the morning approximately 7 hours since the abduction had taken place.

In Nurin’s case, it was most likely a crime of opportunity. It was not because her parents were careless about their daughter’s safety. It was just pure bad luck that Nurin chose to brave that very night out alone for the first time, unaware that a predator was on the hunt for a potential victim close by. Her disappearance became the headlines for local newspapers the next day of her disappearance. Her mother was crying when thinking about her missing child. The police classified this case as kidnapping case. The very next day, the little eyewitness stepped forward with her information. She had seen Nurin being persuaded by an unknown man to follow him, before being dragged and bundled into his white van. She even overheard Nurin saying “No!” repeatedly to the perpetrator.

Nurin’s disappearance made her parents worried about her health condition since their daughter were having heart and kidney problems. On September 17th, a company supervisor in Petaling Jaya stumbled across a large Diadora sports bag outside the company premises when she came to open the store. It was Monday morning. She initially thought the bag belonged to her employer who had just returned from a trip but when the general manager of the company arrived 30 minutes later, it was discovered that the bag did not belong to him.

 Upon opening the bag to search for identification or . The body in the bag was a female child, aged between 6 and 8. She had been sexually-assclues to the owner, to his horror, he found a body within. He immediately alerted the policeaulted and strangled. Reports confirmed that she died approximately 6 hours prior to being transported to the “dump site”. Nurin’s parents rushed to the Kuala Lumpur Hospital for the identification procedure, barely able to brace themselves for the impending nightmare. Due to severe physical changes on the body caused by trauma, the husband and wife were unable to recognize her but the subsequent DNA testing proved that the body in the morgue was indeed their child

Until today this case are no answer and  Jazimin, his wife and his family and relatives are still hopeful that the police will apprehend the person responsible. They are hoping that justice will prevail.

Written by Syed Mohamad Nurfurqhan b. Syed Mohamed Redzuan  and Nur Amira